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PHP编程中的__clone()方法使用详解

2015-11-28 13:44作者:fang

 

可以在对象类中定义一个__clone()方法来调整对象的克隆行为。此方法的代码将在克隆操作期间执行。除了将所有现有对象成员复制到目标对象之外,还会执行__clone()方法指定的操作。下面修改Corporate_Drone类,增加以下方法:

function __clone() {

$this->tiecolor = "blue";

}

之后,创建一个新的Corporate_Drone对象,增加employeeid成员的值,克隆这个对象,然后输出一些数据,从而显示克隆对象的tiecolor确实是通过__clone()方法设置的。示例代码:

<?php

// Create new corporatedrone object

$drone1 = new corporatedrone();

// Set the $drone1 employeeid member

$drone1->setEmployeeID("12345");

// Clone the $drone1 object

$drone2 = clone $drone1;

// Set the $drone2 employeeid member

$drone2->setEmployeeID("67890");

// Output the $drone1 and $drone2 employeeid members

echo "drone1 employeeID: ".$drone1->getEmployeeID()."<br />";

echo "drone2 employeeID: ".$drone2->getEmployeeID()."<br />";

echo "drone2 tiecolor: ".$drone2->getTiecolor()."<br />";

?>

程序运行结果

drone1 employeeID: 12345

drone2 employeeID: 67890

drone2 tiecolor:

再来一个小例子:

<?php

class Fruit {

private $name = "水果";

private $color = "颜色";

public function setName($name){

$this->name = $name;

}

public function setColor($color){

$this->color = $color;

}

function showColor(){

return $this->color.'的'.$this->name."<br />";

}

function __destruct(){

echo "被吃掉了(对象被回收) <br />";

}

}

$apple = new Fruit();

$apple->setName("大苹果");

$apple->setColor("红色");

echo $apple->showColor();

$clone_apple = $apple;

$clone_apple->setName("小苹果");

$clone_apple->setColor("青色");

echo $clone_apple->showColor();

?>

上面只是将一个类赋值给另一个类,所以此时内存中仍是一个对象。

<?php

class Fruit {

private $name = "水果";

private $color = "颜色";

public function setName($name){

$this->name = $name;

}

public function setColor($color){

$this->color = $color;

}

function showColor(){

return $this->color.'的'.$this->name."<br />";

}

function __destruct(){

echo "被吃掉了(对象被回收) <br />";

}

function __clone(){

$this->name = "克隆水果";

}

}

$apple = new Fruit();

$apple->setName("大苹果");

$apple->setColor("红色");

echo $apple->showColor();

$clone_apple = clone $apple;

$clone_apple->setColor("青色");

echo $clone_apple->showColor();

?>

clone方法克隆出了一个新的类,所以此时内存中有两个对象。

php的__clone()方法对一个对象实例进行的浅复制,对象内的基本数值类型进行的是传值复制,而对象内的对象型成员变量,如果不重写__clone方法,显式的clone这个对象成员变量的话,这个成员变量就是传引用复制,而不是生成一个新的对象.如下面一个例子的第28行注释所说

<?php

class Account {

public $balance;

public function __construct($balance) {

$this->balance = $balance;

}

}

class Person {


private $id;

private $name;

private $age;

public $account;

public function __construct($name, $age, Account $account) {

$this->name = $name;

$this->age = $age;

$this->account = $account;

}

public function setId($id) {

$this->id = $id;

}

public function __clone() { #复制方法,可在里面定义再clone是进行的操作

$this->id = 0;

$this->account = clone $this->account; #不加这一句,account在clone是会只被复制引用,其中一个account的balance被修改另一个也同样会被修改

}

}

$person = new Person("peter", 15, new Account(1000));

$person->setId(1);

$person2 = clone $person;

$person2->account->balance = 250;

var_dump($person, $person2);

?>

输出:

代码如下:

object(Person)#1 (4) { ["id":"Person":private]=> int(1) ["name":"Person":private]=> string(5) "peter" ["age":"Person":private]=> int(15) ["account"]=> object(Account)#2 (1) { ["balance"]=> int(1000) } } object(Person)#3 (4) { ["id":"Person":private]=> int(0) ["name":"Person":private]=> string(5) "peter" ["age":"Person":private]=> int(15) ["account"]=> object(Account)#4 (1) { ["balance"]=> int(250) } }

以上就是本文章的内容,希望对大家有所帮助

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